Tratamientos psicológicos eficaces para el trastorno bipolar

• Autores: Elisardo Becoña Iglesias, Carmen Lorenzo
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 13, Nº. 3, 2001, págs. 511-522
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 10 Citas
• Resumen

  • El trastorno bipolar es un trastorno crónico e incapacitante para muchas personas. Su abordaje ha sido clásicamente farmacológico (litio), aunque en los últimos años se ha demostrado que su combinación con distintos tratamientos psicológicos permite una mayor mejoría en estas personas. Se analizan los estudios existentes con los distintos tratamientos psicológicos que se han utilizado: psicoeducación y programas para mejorar la adherencia a la medicación, terapia marital y familiar, terapia cognitiva-conductual, terapia interpersonal y del ritmo social y los tratamientos de los pacientes bipolares que tienen asociado un trastorno de abuso de sustancias. Los tres primeros tratamientos son eficaces y se pueden considerar tratamientos bien establecidos; el último de ellos puede considerarse en fase experimental por no haber suficiente evidencia de su eficacia a pesar de sus positivos iniciales resultados. Otras terapias no has mostrado su eficacia en este trastorno.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • American Psychiatric Association (1993). Practice guideline for major depressive disorer in adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1-26.
  • American Psychiatric Association (1994a). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric...
  • American Psychiatric Association (1994b). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry,...
  • Baldessarini, R.J. y Tondo, L. (2000). Does lithium treatment still work? Evidence of stable responses over three decades. Archives of General...
  • Bauer, M.S., McBride, L., Chase, C., Sachs, G. y Shea, N. (1998). Manual based group psychotherapy for bipolar disorder: A feasiblity study....
  • Bebbington, P. y Ramana, R. (1995). The epidemiology of bipolar affective disorder. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 30, 279-...
  • Burke, K.C., Burke, J.D., Regier, D.A. y Rae, D.S. (1990). Age at onset of selected mental disorders in five community populations. Archives...
  • Chambless, D.L. y Hollon, S.D. (1998). Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 3-18.
  • Cochran, S.D. (1984). Preventing medical noncompliance in the outpatient treatment of bipolar affective disorders. Journal of Consulting and...
  • Colom, F., Vieta, F., Martinez, A., Jorquera, A. y Gasto, C. (1998). What is the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder?...
  • Clarkin, J.F., Carpenter, D., Hull, J., Wilner, P. y Glick, I. (1998). Effects of psychoeducational intervention for married patients with...
  • Clarkin, J.F., Glick, I.D., Haas, G.L., Spencer, J.H., Lewis, A.B., Peyser, J., DeMane, N., Good-Ellis, M., Harris, E. y Lestelle, V. (1990)....
  • Clarkin, J. F., Haas, G.L. y Glick, I.D. (Eds.) (1988). Affective disorders and the family: Assesment and treatment. Nueva York: Guildford...
  • Craighead, W.W., Miklowitz, D.J., Vajk, F.C. y Frank, E. (1998). Psychosocial treatments for bipolar disorder. En P.E. Nathan y J.M. Gorman...
  • Daniels, B.a., Kirkby, K.C., Hay, D.A., Mowry, B.J. y Jones, I.H. (1998). Predictability of rehospitalization over 5 years for schizophrenia,...
  • Ehlers, C.L., Frank, F. y Kupfer, D.J. (1988). Social zeitgebers and biological rhytms: A unified approach to understanding the etiology of...
  • Ehler, C.L., Kupfer, D.J ., Frank, E. y Monk, T.H. (1993). Biological rhytims and depression: The role of zeitgebers and zeitstörers. Depression,...
  • Frank, E., Kupfer, D.J., Ehlers, C.L., Monk, T.H. Cornes, C., Carter, S. y Frankel, D. (1994). Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy for...
  • Frank, E., Swartz, H.A., Mallinger, A.G., Thase, M.E., Weaver, E.V. y Kupfer, D.J. (1999). Adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder:...
  • Frank, E. y Thase, M.E. (1999). Natural history and preventative treatment of recurrent mood disorders. Annual Review of Medicine, 50, 453-468.
  • Glick, I.D., Clarkin, J.F., Haas, G.L., Spencer, J.H. y Chen, C.L. (1991). A randomized clinical trial of inpatient family intervention. VI....
  • Goodwin, F.K. y Jamison, K.R. (1990). Manic-depressive illness. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
  • Haas, G.L., Glick, I.D., Clarkin, J .F., Spencer, J.H., Lewis, A.B., Peyser, J., DeMane, N., GoodEllis, M., Harris, E. y Lestelle, V. (1988)....
  • Johnson, S.L., Greenhouse, W. y Bauer, M. (2000). Psychosocial approaches to the treatment of bipolar disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry,...
  • Johnson, S.L., Winett, C.A., Meher, B ., Greenhouse, W.J. y Miller, I. (1999). Social support and the course of bipolar disorder. Journal...
  • Kessler, R.C., Crum, R.M., Warner, L.A., Nelson, C.B., Schulenberg, J. y Anthony, J.C. (1997). Lifetime co-ocurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol...
  • Klerman, G.L., Weissman, M.M., Rounsaville, B.J. y Chevron, E.S. (1984). Intepersonal psychotherapy of depression. Nueva York: Basic Books.
  • Kupfer, D.J. y Frank, E. (1997). Forty years of lithium treatment (commentary). Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 14-15.
  • Lam, D.H., Bright, J., Jones, S., Hayward, P., Schuck, N., Chisholm, D. y Sham, P. (2000). Cognitive therapy for bipolar illness-A pilot study...
  • Lam, D.H., Jones, S.H., Hayward, P. y Bright, J.A. (1999). Cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder. A therapist´s guide to concepts, methods...
  • Mi klowitz, D. J. y Goldstein, M.J. (1990). Behavioal family treatment for patients with bipolar affective disorder. Behavior Modification,...
  • Miklowitz, D.J. y Goldstein, M.J. (1997). Bipolar disorder: A family-focused treatment approach. Nueva York: Guildford.
  • Milkowitz, D.J., Goldstein, M.J., Nuechterlein, K.L., Snyder, K.S. y Mintz, J. (1988). Family factors and the course of bipolar affective...
  • Miklowitz, D. J., Simoneau, T.L., George, E.L., Richards, J.A., Kalbag, A., Sachs Ericsson, N. y Suddath, R. (2000). Family focused treatment...
  • Molnar, G., Freeney, M.G. y Fava, G.A. (1988). Duration and symptoms of bipolar prodomes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1.576-1.578.
  • OMS (1992). CIE 10. Trastornos mentales y del comportamiento. Madrid: Meditor.
  • Parikh, S.V., Kusumakar, V., Haslam, D.R.S., Matte, R., Sharma, V. y Yatham, L.N. (1997). Psychosocial interventions as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy...
  • Peet, M. y Harvey, N.S. (1991). Lithium maintenance: I. A standard education programme for patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 197-...
  • Pérez Alvarez, M. y García Montes, J. M. (2001). Tratamientos psicológicos eficaces para la depresión. Psicothema, 13, 493-510.
  • Perry, A., Tarrier, N., Morriss, R. y Limb, K. (1999). Randomised controlled trial of efficacy of teaching patients with bipolar disorder...
  • Post, R.M. (1992). Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry,...
  • Prien, R.F. y Potter, W.Z. (1990). NIMH workshop: Report on treatment of bipolar disorders . Psychopharmacology Bulletins, 28, 409- 4 2 7 .
  • Prien, R.F. y Rush, A.J. (1996). National Institute of Mental Health workshop report on the treatment of bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry,...
  • Ramírez-Basco, M. y Thase, M.E. (1997). Tratamiento cognitivo-conductual de los trastornos bipolares. En V.E. Caballo (dir), Manual para el...
  • Regier, D.A., Farmer, M.E., Rae, D.S., Locke, B.Z., Keith, S.J., Jud, L.L. y Goodwin, F.K. (1990). Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol...
  • Robins, L.N., Hezler, J.E., Weissman, M.M. et al. (1984). Lifetime prevalence os specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. Archives of...
  • Rothbaum, B.O. y Astin, M.C. (2000). Integration of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for bipolar disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,...
  • Seltzer, A., Roncari, I. y Garfinkel, P.E. (1980). Effect of patient education on medication compliance. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 25,...
  • Silverstone, T., McPherson, H., Hunt, N. y Romans, S. (1998). How effective is lithium in the prevention of relapse in bipolar disorder? A...
  • Simoneau, T.L., Mikklowitz, D.J., Richards, J .A., Saleem, R. y George, E.L. (1999). Bipolar disorder and family communication effects of...
  • Spencer, J.H., Glick, I.D., Haas, G.L., Clarkin, J.F., Lewis, A.B., Peyser, J., DeMane, N., GoodEllis, M., Harris, E. y Lestelle, V. (1988)....
  • Strakowski, S.M. y DelBello, M.P. (2000). The co-ocurrence of bipolar and substance use disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 191-206.
  • Strober, M., Morrell, W., Lampert, C. y Burroughs, J. (1990). Relapse following dincontinuation of lithium maintenance therapy in adolescents...
  • Tohen, M., Waternaux, C.M. y Tsuang, M.T. (1990). Outcome in mania: A 4-year prospective follow-up of 75 patients utilizing survival analysis....
  • Weissman, M.M., Leaf, P.J., Tischler, G.L. et al. (1988). Affective disorders in five United States communities. Psychological Medicine, 18,...
  • van Gent, E.M. y Zwart, F.M. (1991). Psychoeducation of partners of bipolar-manic patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 21, 15-18.
  • Watson, D. y Clark, L.A. (1997). Measurement and mismeasurement of mood: Recurrent and emergent issues. Journal of Personality Assessment,...
  • Weiss, R.D., Najavits, L.M. y Greenfield, S.F. (1999). A relapse prevention group for patients with bipolar and substance use disorders. Journal...
  • Zaretsky, A.E. y Segal, Z.V. (1995). Psychosocial interventions in bipolar disorder. Depression, 2, 179-188.
  • Zaretsky, A.E., Segal, Z.V. y Gemar, M. (1999). Cognitive therapy for bipolar depression: A pilot study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44,...