Efectos del desempleo sobre el nivel de salud mental y física, ansiedad y depresión

• Yolanda García Rodríguez ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
• Localización: Ansiedad y estrés, ISSN 1134-7937, Vol. 4, Nº 1, 1998, págs. 17-30
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Unemployment effects on mental and physical health, anxiety and depression
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    La revisión de la literatura sobre los efectos psicológicos del desempleo muestra que estar sin empleo es una situación estresante para la mayoría de las personas. Sin embargo, el grupo de desempleados no es un grupo homogéneo. Las relaciones halladas entre desempleo y factores psicológicos y psicopatológicos están moduladas por determinadas variables que establecen un carácter diferencial al impacto psicológico del desempleo. En este estudio se pone a prueba, en una muestra de 218 desempleados, que estos manifiestan un bajo nivel de salud mental, un nivel bajo de depresión, cambios en el grado de salud física y un nivel medio-alto de ansiedad Respecto a las posibles variables moduladoras, los resultados muestran que la clase social, el sexo, edad, motivación hacia el empleo, expectativa de éxito, duración del desempleo, nivel de ingresos y compromiso con el empleo actúan como variables moduladoras de la relación entre desempleo, salud mental y física, depresión y ansiedad. En cuanto a los análisis de varianza de segundo orden se hallaron diferencias significativas en salud física y depresión. Finalmente, se hace una reflexión sobre la implicación de las diferencias individuales en la intervención psicológica sobre el desempleo.

  • English

    The literature on psychological effects of unemployment shows that being without job is a stressful situation for mostly people. However, unemployed people are not a homogeneous group. Certain variables are moderating the relation between psychological and psychopathological factors and unemployment. In this paper, it is presented a study, with a sample of 218 unemployed people, where data shows that they present a low level of mental health, a low level of depression, changes on physical health, and a low-medium level of anxiety. Regarding moderating variables, results remarks that gender, age, social class, length of unemployment, grade of payment, expectations of success, motivation and work involvement play a role as moderating variables in relation between unemployment and mental and physical health, depression and anxiety. Second order variance analysis indicates that there are significant differences on physical health and depression. Finally, individual differences for intervention on psycology of unemployment are considered in detail.

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