Memorizar es conocer: un estudio sobre la influencia de la información previa en las tareas de recuerdo

• Autores: Juan José Aparicio, Maite Casacallana
• Localización: Journal for the Study of Education and Development, Infancia y Aprendizaje, ISSN-e 1578-4126, ISSN 0210-3702, Nº 16, 1981, págs. 17-28
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1080/02103702.1981.10821868
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    En esta investigación se trata, en líneas generales, sobre los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la memoria. En ella se enfatiza el papel del conocimiento previo del sujeto, frente al de las estrategias mnemónicas deliberadas, como responsable del incremento del nivel de recuerdo en los niños de E.G.B. Este trabajo es congruente con la Teoría de los niveles de Procesamiento de la Información propuesta por Craik y Lockart (1972) y revisada por Craik y Tulving (1975). En el experimento se demuestra que aquellos niños a los que se les da una información previa congruente con la información a recordar obtienen mejores resultados que aquellos que carecen de ella.

    Por último, se hace una serie de consideraciones pedagógicas basadas en los resultados obtenidos en el experimento.

  • English

    The study deals with factors influencing the development of memory. It stresses the importance of subjects� prior knowledge versus deliberate mnemonic strategies, such as rote learning, on students� recall. Results are interpreted from Craik and Lockart�s (1972) levels of information processing theory, revised by Craik and Tulving (1975). The experiment shows that children who received prior information about the material they had to memorize obtained better results on a recall test than those who did not receive it. Finally a series of recommendations for education based on the results are outlined.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Aparicio, J. J. y Zaccagnini, J. L. Memoria y adquisición del conocimiento. Estudios de Psicologia, 1980, 2, (68–92). [Google Scholar]
  • Barclay, J. R. y Reid, M. Semantic integration in children's recall of discourse. Developmental Psychology, 1974, 10, (277–281). [Google...
  • Bartlett, F. C. Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge: University Press, 1932. [Google Scholar]
  • Belmont, J.M. Relation of age and intelligence to short-term color memory. Child Development, 1972, 43, (19–29). [Google Scholar]
  • Brown, A. L. Judgements of recency for long sequences of pictures: The absence of a development trend. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,...
  • Brown, A. L. Semantic integration in children's reconstruction of narrative sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 1976, 8, (247–262). [Google...
  • Brown, A. L. Theories of memory and the problems of development: Activity, growth, and knowledge. En L. S. Cermarck y F.I.M. Craik (Eds)....
  • Brown, A. L. y Barclay, C. R. The effects of training specific mnemonic on the metamnemonic efficiency of retarded people. Child Development,...
  • Butterfield, E. C. y Belmont, J. M. Assessing and improving the cognitive functions of mentally retarded people. En H. Bailer y M. Sternlicht...
  • Craik, F. I. M. y Lockart, R. S. Levels of processing: A framework memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1972,...
  • Craik, F. I. M. y Tulving, E. Deep of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 104, (268–294)....
  • Chi, M. T. H. Knowledge structures memory development. En R. Siegler (Ed) Children's thinking: What develops? Hillsdale, Nueva Jersey:...
  • Chi, M. T. H. y Klahr, D. Span and rate of aprehension in children and adults, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1975, 19, (434–439)....
  • Flavell, J. H. Developmental studies of mediated memory. En H. W. Reese y L. P. Lipsitt (Eds). Advances in Child Development and Behavior....
  • Flavell, J. H. First discussant's comments: What is memory development the development of? Human Development, 1971, 14, (272–278). [Google...
  • Flavell, J. H.; Beach, D. R. y Chinsky, J. M. Spontaneous verbal rehearsal in a memory task as a function of age». Child Development, 1966,...
  • Glidden, L. M. Developmental effects in free recall learning. Child Development, 1977, 48, (9–12). [Google Scholar]
  • Hagen, J. W. Strategies for remembering. En S. Farnham-Diggory (Ed). Information processing in children, Nueva York: Academic Press, 1972....
  • Hagen, J.W.; Hargrave, S. y Ross, W. Promting and rehearsal in short-term memory. Child Development, 1973, 44, (831–836). [Google Scholar]
  • Hagen, J.W. y Kingsley, P.R. Labeling effects in short-term memory. Child Development, 1968, 39, (113–121). [Google Scholar]
  • Hagen, J. W. y Stanovitch, K.E. Memory: Stategies of acquisition. En R. Kail y J. W. Hagen (Eds.). Perspectives on the development of memory...
  • Hansen, D. N. Short-term memory and presentation rates with young children. Psychonomic Science, 1965, 3, (253–259). [Google Scholar]
  • Kail, R. V. y Levine, L. E. Encoding processes and sex-role preferences. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1976, 21, (256–263). [Google...
  • Keeney, T. J.; Cannizo, S. R. y Flavell, J. H. Spontaneous and induced verbal rehearsal in a recall task. Child Development, 1967, 38, (953–966)....
  • Kreutzer, R. M. A.; Leonard, S. C. y Flavell, J. H. An interview study of children's knowledge about memory. Monographs of the Society...
  • Liben, L. S. y Ponansky, C. J. Inferences on inference: The effects of age, transitive ability, memory load, and lexical factors. Child Development,...
  • Liberty, CH. y Ornstein, P. A. Age differences in organization and recall: The effects of training in categorization. Journal of Experimental...
  • Mccarver, R. B.A. developmental study of the effects of organization cues on short-term memory. Child Development, 1972, 43, (1317–1325)....
  • Moely, B. E. y Jeffrey, W. F. The effects of organization training on children's free recall of category items. Child Development, 1974,...
  • Murphy, M. y Brown, A. L. Incidental learning in preschool children as a function of level cognitive analysis. Journal of Experimental Child...
  • Paris, S. G. y Carter, A. Y. Semantic and constructive aspects of sentences memory in children. Developmental Psychology, 1973, 9, (109–113)....
  • Paris, S. G. y Lindauer, B. K. The role of inference in children's comprehension and memory for sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 1976,...
  • Paris, S. G.; Lindauer, B. K. y Cox, G. L. The development of infererential comprehension. Child Development, 1977,48, (1728–1733). [Google...
  • Paris, S. G. y Mahoney, G. J. Cognitive integration in children's memory for sentences and pictures. Child Development, 1974, 45, (633–642)....
  • Paris, S. G. y Upton, L. R. Children's memory for inferential relationship in prose. Child Development, 1976, 47, (660–668). [Google Scholar]
  • Piaget, J. E. Inhelder, B. Memoria e Inteligencia, Buenos Aires: Ateneo, 1978. [Google Scholar]
  • Postman, L. Short-term memory and incidental learning. En A. W. Melton (Ed). Categories of human learning. Nueva York: Academic Press, 1964....
  • Schulman, A.I. Memory for words recently clasifield. Memory & Cognition, 1974, 2, (47–52.) [Google Scholar]
  • Stein, B. S. Depth of processing reexamined: The effect of the precision of encoding and test appropriateness. Journal of Verbal Learning...
  • Stein, N. L. y Glenn, C. G. A developmental study of children's recall of story material. Comunicación presentada en el congreso bianual...
  • Wellman, H. M.; Drozdal, J. G., JR; Flavell, J. H.; Salatas, H. y Ritter, K. Metamemory development and its possible role in the selection...