Escala Integral de Experiencias Adversas (EIEA): Desarrollo, Validación y Propiedades Psicométricas en Estudiantes Universitarios del Norte de Chile

• Gabriel Peñaloza-Díaz ^[1] ; Cristián Pinto-Cortez ^[1] ; Rodrigo Ferrer-Urbina ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Tarapacá

     Universidad de Tarapacá

     Arica, Chile

     
• Localización: Revista iberoamericana de diagnóstico y evaluación psicológica, ISSN 1135-3848, ISSN-e 2183-6051, Vol. 1, Nº 79, 2026, págs. 33-48
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.21865/RIDEP79.1.03
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Holistic Adverse Experiences Scale (HAES): Development, Validation, and Psychometric Properties in University Students from Northern Chile
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Evaluar adecuadamente las experiencias adversas es crucial para comprender su impacto en la salud mental.

    Este estudio presenta la validación inicial de la Escala Integral de Experiencias Adversas (EIEA), un instrumento de autoinforme que evalúa la adversidad en infancia, adolescencia y adultez, considerando tanto la frecuencia como el impacto subjetivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 115 estudiantes universitarios del Norte de Chile. Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios de segundo orden y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para examinar la validez estructural y convergente. La versión final incluyó 16 ítems organizados en tres dimensiones y un factor global. Los modelos mostraron un buen ajuste, y las experiencias adversas predijeron síntomas de estrés, depresión y ansiedad en todas las etapas del desarrollo. Las variables ponderadas por impacto subjetivo mejoraron la capacidad predictiva del modelo, especialmente en etapas tempranas. La EIEA presenta evidencias iniciales de validez, y su diseño multidimensional podría mejorar la evaluación de la adversidad en contextos clínicos y de investigación.

  • English

    Accurately assessing adverse experiences is essential for understanding their impact on mental health. This study presents the initial validation of the Holistic Adverse Experiences Scale (HAES), a self-report instrument that assesses adversity across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, incorporating both frequency and subjective impact. The sample consisted of 115 university students from northern Chile. Second-order confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted to examine structural and convergent validity. The final version included 16 items grouped into three dimensions and one global factor.

    The models demonstrated good model fit indices, and adverse experiences significantly predicted symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety across all developmental stages. Variables weighted by subjective impact improved the model’s predictive capacity, particularly during earlier life stages. The HAES provides initial evidence of validity, and its multidimensional design may enhance the precision of adversity assessment in both research and clinical practice.

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