Acceso usuarios
Juan Bautista Casimiro Rangel, José Hernando Ávila Toscano
Los aspectos religiosos y espirituales tienen implicaciones relevantes para la salud mental. En este estudio se evaluaron los efectos positivos y negativos de las variables numinosas sobre el malestar psicológico de una muestra de 367 adultos colombianos. Se empleó un diseño explicativo y se aplicó el Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) para medir la participación y la crisis religiosa, mientras que la orientación religiosa se evaluó con la Age Universal I-E Scale-12, las emociones hacia Dios con el cuestionario Emotions toward God y el malestar psicológico con el General Health Questionnaire-12. Se construyó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para explicar el malestar psicológico a partir de las relaciones funcionales establecidas entre participación religiosa, crisis religiosa, orientación religiosa intrínseca y emociones positivas y negativas hacia Dios (χ²/gl = 2,07, RMSEA = 0,054, CFI = 0,993, TLI = 0,978, NFI = 0,986, NNFI = 0,978, GFI = 0,993, AGFI = 0,950, SRMR = 0,019). Un segundo modelo multigrupo comparó los efectos de las variables entre creyentes practicantes y no practicantes (χ²/gl = 2,16, RMSEA = 0,080, CFI = 0,972, TLI = 0,915, NFI = 0,951, NNFI = 0,915, GFI = 0,989, AGFI = 0,928, SRMR = 0,032). Los resultados sugieren mecanismos diferenciales de influencia sobre el malestar; además, dichos mecanismos varían según el tipo de creyente. Los hallazgos del estudio ofrecen aportes importantes para el diseño de estrategias de intervención social y, en el ámbito de la terapia psicológica, para considerar el rol de lo numinoso en la salud mental.
Religious and spiritual aspects have significant implications for mental health. In this study, the positive and negative effects of numinous variables on the psychological distress of a sample of 367 Colombian adults were evaluated. An explanatory design was employed, and the Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) was applied to measure religious participation and religious crisis, while religious orientation was evaluated with the Age Universal I-E Scale-12, emotions toward God with the Emotions toward God questionnaire, and psychological distress with the General Health Questionnaire-12. A structural equation model was constructed to explain psychological distress based on the functional relationships established between religious participation, religious crisis, intrinsic religious orientation, and positive and negative emotions toward God (χ²/gl = 2.07, RMSEA = 0.054, CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.978, NFI = 0.986, NNFI = 0.978, GFI = 0.993, AGFI = 0.950, SRMR = 0.019). A second multigroup model compared the effects of the variables between practicing and non-practicing believers (χ²/gl = 2.16, RMSEA = 0.080, CFI = 0.972, TLI = 0.915, NFI = 0.951, NNFI = 0.915, GFI = 0.989, AGFI = 0.928, SRMR = 0.032). The results suggest differential mechanisms of influence on distress; moreover, these mechanisms vary according to the type of believer. The findings of the study provide important contributions to the design of social intervention strategies and, in the field of psychological therapy, to consider the role of the numinous in mental health.
