Acceso usuarios
Gabrielle González Aravena, Svenska Arensburg Castelli, Jaime Barrientos Delgado
La población lesbiana, gay, bisexual, trans, intersexual y otras colectividades e individualidades no cisheteronormativas (LGBTI+) se enfrenta a un mayor riesgo de vivenciar vulneraciones en sus relaciones sexoafectivas, siendo tan o más prevalente que en la población cisheterosexual. Tales vivencias de violencia se ven agudizadas y complejizadas por el solapamiento con otras categorías de identificación y sus respectivos dispositivos de sujeción/dominación, tal como ocurre con las personas no cisnormativas. Este artículo tuvo por objetivo comprender críticamente los procesos de victimización en las relaciones sexoafectivas de personas no cisnormativas del territorio chileno, a partir de sus narrativas personales y colectivas. Se implementó una metodología cualitativa con enfoque narrativo e interseccional, basándose en su idoneidad para la comprensión y profundización del fenómeno desde la perspectiva de sus protagonistas y sus contextos sociohistóricos y geopolíticos. Los dispositivos de producción de información utilizados fueron ocho entrevistas narrativas, un autorrelato y un grupo focal, siendo 9 las personas no cisnormativas que participaron del estudio. Se implementó un análisis temático narrativo e intracategorial por medio del programa Atlas.ti.9. Los resultados dan cuenta de las particularidades de los procesos de victimización acontecidos en las relaciones sexoafectivas de personas no cisnormativas, los cuales adquieren diferentes tipos y expresiones, además de ciertas especificidades en cuanto a sus raíces, dinámicas, consecuencias y percepciones. Pese a que son identificados elementos particulares en esta población, tales como el estrés de minoría percibido y la transgresión de la identidad de género y sexual, la violencia íntima experienciada reproduciría un orden cisheteropatriarcal.
The lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex and other non-cisheteronormative collectivities and individuals (LGBTI+) face a greater risk of experiencing violations in their sex-affective relationships, being as or more prevalent than in the cisheterosexual population. However, such experiences of violence are aggravated and complexified by the overlapping with other identification categories and their respective subjection/domination devices, as occurs with non-cisnormative people.
The aim of this article was to understand the processes of victimization that occurred in the sex-affective relationships of non-cisnormative people in Chilean territory, based on their personal and collective narratives.
From Latin American queer and critical victimological perspectives, a polysemic and temporally-spatially located position of the identities of the protagonists of the investigation is offered, a queer look at sexual-affective relationships and a critical look at victimology that entails the identification of the factors psychosocial factors that interfere in the achievement of situations of violence in sexual-affective relationships of non-cisnormative people.
A qualitative methodology with narrative and intersectional approaches was implemented, based on its suitability for understanding and deepening the phenomenon from the perspective of the participants and their sociohistorical and geopolitical contexts. The information production devices used were eight narrative interviews, a self-storytelling and a focus group, with nine non-cisnormative people participating in the study. A narrative and intra-category thematic analysis was implemented by means of the Atlas.ti.9 program. Narrative and intra-categorical thematic analysis is implemented through the Atlas.ti.9 program. The research had the ethical-scientific evaluation and approval of the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Chile.
The results show the particularities of the victimization processes that occur in sex-affective relationships involving non-cisnormative people, which acquire different types and expressions, as well as certain specificities in terms of their roots, dynamics, consequences and perceptions. In the study, it is possible to point out that non-cisnormative people who participate in the study experience more than one situation of intimate violence, including self-inflicted and interpersonal violence. Also, that its expressions respond to a broad criterion in terms of its expressions (symbolic, psychological, social, economic, physical and sexual) and effects, and that its multiple roots incorporate cisheteropatriarchal social and cultural factors. The sequencing of the facts would rather respond to a framework of continuous violence based on their genders, corporealities and desires, which involves aspects such as the omission or denigration of their gender identities and/or expressions as a strategy of victimization, and the stress of minorities as a factor interfering with their mental health, as well as perceptions about the damage caused, the blaming/responsibilization around the facts and the invisibilization of these situations.
Although differential phenomena to intimate violence among cisheterosexual people are identified, such as perceived minority stress and gender identity transgression, intimate violence seems to reproduce a cisheteropatriarchal order. Following Das (2008), we recognize the value and power that the voices of non-cisnormative people and their testimonies about violence in sexual-affective relationships have, since it allows us to know the processes of victimization and its harmful effects, as well as the resources deployed and the efforts made to rebuild their daily lives during and after the abusive events experienced. In this sense, their narratives open and build paths for their social dignification and personal improvement, providing lights about the focuses of study and psycho-socio-legal intervention that would contribute to the wellbeing, safety and dignity of the LGBTI+ population.
