Acceso usuarios
Elsy Domínguez, Camilo Andrés Pastrana Quintana, Linda Pérez Zuleta, Valeri Arrieta Romero
La reparación integral de los sobrevivientes del conflicto armado es considerada una prioridad y, por ello, fueron creados programas como el Programa de Atención Psicosocial y Salud Integral a Víctimas (PAPSIVI), en el que profesionales de diversas disciplinas trabajan por el bienestar psicosocial de estas poblaciones. El objetivo fue analizar el quehacer profesional de los implementadores con miras a visibilizar sus voces como actores clave en la reparación a los sobrevivientes. Con un diseño cualitativo, la recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas no estructuradas, con apoyo en los lineamientos de teoría fundada para la codificación de datos. Participaron 34 profesionales que implementaron el programa en la región Caribe Colombiano. Entre los resultados se resalta que para los implementadores, conocer estas historias de violencia se volvió una vivencia edificante, enriquecedora y de muchos aprendizajes. Las capacitaciones para el autocuidado se valoran como una alternativa eficaz ante la prevención del desgaste emocional asociado a la labor del profesional como agente de cuidado de otro que, con dolor y sufrimiento, cuenta sus historias. Se espera que este trabajo sea considerado para el fortalecimiento de políticas públicas y para futuras vigencias del programa en aras de saldar la deuda social con las comunidades expuestas a la violencia política. Se apunta a impulsar la restitución y garantía del derecho a tener un mejor bienestar para la población vulnerable que aún sigue necesitando del apoyo de la sociedad y del Estado para sobreponerse a las adversidades a las que han estado expuestos.
The armed conflict in Colombia brought countless consequences for the social well-being and mental health of the survivors, whose integral reparation is one of the most challenging components of the national reconciliation and peace building goal. For this reason, programs such as Psychosocial Attention and Integral Health to Victims Program (PAPSIVI) were created to work for the psychosocial well-being of these populations from various disciplines. Yet, every social program has implementation difficulties linked to the work of its implementers and to the quality of care provided. The aim of this study was to analyze and highlight the outstanding performance of those who participated in the PAPSIVI program for the reparation of survivors. A qualitative method guided by the interpretative paradigm was used. The data collection process comprised unstructured interviews, supported by the guidelines of grounded theory for the data coding process. Thirty-four professionals, who implemented the program in a region of the Colombian Caribbean, participated. The results are organized in two emerging dimensions called: 1) care for survivors: opportunities and risks; and 2) program management.
The first dimension incorporates three categories, where narratives are interpreted from the individual perspectives and meanings that professionals give to their challenging work of creating and maintaining humanized relationships to promote the well-being of others in the midst of vulnerability. These relationships promote personal growth but they can also represent a risk for the physical and emotional integrity of those involved, due to the adverse and violent social context in which they occur. For instance, by getting to know the survivors’ stories, implementers can get a glimpse of the pain and suffering experienced by many amidst the armed conflict, which becomes an edifying, enriching and fulfilling experience, and a source of many lessons regarding the crude reality of human rights violations. The second dimension includes six categories whose common pattern is the participants’ perception of administrative and technical aspects involved in the design, implementation, and evaluation of the program.
Self-care training is seen as an effective alternative to prevent the emotional exhaustion associated with the professional’s work as an agent of care for others, who tell their stories of pain and suffering. Providing suitable psychosocial care requires a well-balanced emotional state to achieve harmless action in psychosocial assistance, and to reduce the risk of stress and exhaustion generally manifested within this demanding job. One of the aspects to consider when designing a social program is the ecology of the intervention, which may require adaptations during its implementation, without neglecting the main components of the original design. The present paper is proposed as a source of reference to inform public policies in terms of reparation to survivors and to strengthen the future validity of the program to settle the social debt of the communities exposed to political violence. The goal is to promote the restitution and to guarantee the right to integrity and well-being of the survivors, who continue to need the support of society and the state to overcome the adversities to which they have been exposed.
