Acceso usuarios
Raúl G. Ramírez Vielma, María José Mera Lemp, Karina Ximena Marambio Guzmán
La empleabilidad es un elemento clave para el desarrollo de las organizaciones y de las personas, facilitando su inserción y mantenimiento en el trabajo. Existe un incipiente interés por estudiar su posible vinculación con el bienestar desde la tradición eudaemónica, esto es, con el bienestar psicológico y con el bienestar social y, sobre la incidencia que tienen estas modalidades de bienestar en la percepción de empleabilidad de las y los trabajadores. Por esta razón, el objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la existencia de relaciones entre el bienestar psicológico, el bienestar social y la empleabilidad percibida, determinando el potencial explicativo de las dimensiones del bienestar psicológico y del bienestar social. La muestra estuvo constituida por 368 trabajadores residentes en la Región del Bío-Bío, Chile (Medad = 37.75, 52.98 % mujeres). Para procesar los datos se utilizó análisis de correlaciones bivariadas y regresiones jerárquicas (método por pasos). Los resultados indican una asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre el bienestar psicológico, sus dimensiones y la empleabilidad percibida, al igual que en el caso del bienestar social, excepto en la dimensión aceptación social.
Los análisis de regresión para la empleabilidad percibida general (y sus dimensiones), a partir de los componentes del bienestar psicológico y social, resultaron estadísticamente significativos, permitiendo comprender en mayor profundidad las relaciones entre las variables en estudio y poniendo de manifiesto la incidencia del funcionamiento psicológico y social positivo en la construcción y despliegue de competencias para el acceso y el mantenimiento del empleo. Estos resultados abren distintas vías de análisis, y se discuten sus implicancias teóricas y prácticas.
This paper addresses employability as a key element for the development of organizations and individuals. Its relevance is centered on the fact that employability facilitates insertion and maintenance in the workplace, as well as enabling both the achievement of sustainable competitive advantages for organizations and the career development of individuals. On the other hand, there is an incipient interest in studying its possible relationship with well-being from the eudaemonic tradition, that is, with psychological well-being and social well-being.
However, there is a lack of research that provides empirical evidence on this relationship and on the incidence that these modalities of well-being have on workers' perception of employability.
For this reason, the objective of this research was to establish the existence of relationships between psychological well-being, social well-being and perceived employability, also determining the explanatory potential of the different dimensions of psychological well-being and social well-being. Based on the theoretical and empirical review, two hypotheses were formulated: H1: There is a positive relationship between psychological well-being, social well-being and perceived employability; H2: The dimensions of psychological well-being and social well-being will contribute to the explanation of perceived employability.
The research design of this study is framed within non-experimental quantitative studies, being at the same time ex post facto cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 368 workers residing in the Bío-Bío Region, Chile (Mage = 37.75), of whom 52.98 % were women.
Psychological well-being and social well-being scales were applied, as well as a employability scale from a multidimensional, competency-based perspective. The dimensions of perceived employability measured were: professional expertise, anticipation and optimization, professional flexibility, corporate sense and balance. Participation was voluntary, guaranteeing confidentiality and anonymity by signing an informed consent form. Together with the reliability analyses, the possible effect of the common method variance of all the items of the scales was estimated through Harman's test. Bivariate correlation analyses were performed, and due to the exploratory nature of the study, hierarchical regression (stepwise method) were conducted to identify explanatory variables of employability and its dimensions.
The results of the one-factor test showed that the effect of the common variance did not seem to significantly affect the relationships between the variables studied. The results of the correlation analyses indicate that there are positive and statistically significant associations between psychological well-being and each of its dimensions with perceived employability, which is replicated in the case of social well-being, except in the dimension of social acceptance. In addition, regression analyses indicate that overall employability is explained by the variables environmental mastery, purpose in life and the social integration variable.
Taken together, our results suggest that the role of psychological and social well-being in employability is related to the development of psychological resources such as the feeling of Interdisciplinaria, 42(2), 270-295 271 Bienestar psicológico y social, y empleabilidad personal competence, proactivity, the ability to make sense of experience, and the pursuit of learning and challenges. This is consistent with previous studies that have reported associations between variables such as self-confidence, proactive personality, future orientation, hope and optimism, and competence to access and maintain employment. So too, the findings of this research underscore the importance of social relationships and a sense of belonging to a community. It is possible that social integration provides ties that contribute to access to emotional and instrumental support, which can generate positive emotions and decrease stress, thus increasing perceived employability. On the other hand, positive feedback from other community members can increase the feeling of self-esteem, enhancing the development of personal and work competencies.These results provide empirical evidence and open different avenues of analysis, which are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.
