Acceso usuarios
Wilson Orlando Albornoz Fuentes, Jaime Barrientos Delgado, Gianino Livellara, Alexander Cretton, Nicolás Matteo Guzmán
La violencia homofóbica, históricamente, ha buscado ser entendida a través de la relación agresiva, violenta u hostil que personas heterosexuales ejercen sobre personas homosexuales, lo que ha resultado de gran relevancia tanto para la ciencia como para la sociedad. Sin embargo, este manuscrito busca explorar la emergencia de procesos de violencia homofóbica entre hombres homosexuales en Santiago de Chile, en relación con la corporalidad como dimensión constitutiva de dicho proceso de violencia, como también del propio sujeto homosexual, lo cual ha sido invisibilizado por la discusión académica. Este artículo aborda los procesos de violencia desde perspectivas feministas y estudio de género, de Sara Ahmed y Judith Butler (2017). Este artículo presenta un análisis cualitativo de estudios de casos. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo bola de nieve y se aplicó una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 hombres homosexuales. Así, se lograron construir tres categorías: a) el cuerpo siempre es un problema; b) el cuerpo que aparece con el género, y c) el cuerpo/género/violencia. Dichas categorías dan cuenta respecto a cómo el cuerpo es constitutivo de la subjetividad para los participantes, así como de los procesos de violencia homofóbica analizados desde su materialidad (forma) y movimiento. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos advierten de la existencia de procesos de violencia homofóbica entre hombres homosexuales, en los que el rol del cuerpo emerge como disparador de ella, especialmente, cuando se actúan roles de género femeninos. Así, se pretende aportar en el abordaje y la prevención de los procesos de violencia homofóbica y los efectos negativos que puede llegar a tener a nivel de la salud mental, como la calidad de vida, en contextos y relación de personas que se autoidentifican como hombres homosexuales o gays.
This manuscript explores the emergence of processes of violence in homosexual men's relationships in Santiago, Chile, and accounts for the role of corporeality in the constitution of this process, as well as of the homosexual subject himself. Homophobic violence has historically been understood through the relationship of aggression, violence, or hostility that heterosexual people exert on homosexual people, which has been of great relevance for science, as well as for society. Research on this topic has reported how detrimental these processes are in the LGBT community, both in terms of mental health and quality of life. Additionally, there is empirical evidence through the notion of masculinity that suggests the existence of hostile relationships among gay men, based on the bodily performativity of femininity, as a trigger for violence, discrimination, and humiliation among gay men. However, such processes of homophobic violence among gay men, as well as the role of the body have been invisibilized.
To address this gap, a mixed research design was applied. In the qualitative phase, a series of semi-structured interviews were applied to 15 homosexual men, with an age range from 21 to 54 years old, with an educational level ranging from technical education to postgraduate studies, all belonging to Santiago, Chile. For the analysis process of the semi-structured interviews of the qualitative research phase, Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis was used. For this phase of analysis, a research team composed of three (3) people, plus the responsible researcher, was built. With respect to the thematic analysis carried out three themes, a) the body is always a problem; b) the body that appears with gender, and c) the body/gender/violence, which manage to shed light on how the body for the participants is constitutive of subjectivity as of the processes of homophobic violence, from its materiality (form) and movement.
Therefore, the results obtained and reported here, from the two analysis processes reach the same point, which is the existence of homophobic violence processes among homosexual men, where the role of the body emerges as a trigger when feminine gender roles are performed, or the body is recognized as feminine. This process of violence has effects on the quality of life of the population of homosexual men, since it restricts, limits, and constricts their own corporeality, so as not to be the target of violence or discrimination. Finally, the results presented here allow questioning and putting in tension how the mobility of hegemonic discourses of masculinity, heterosexuality, machismo, misogyny, permeate LGBT contexts and social relations, which currently makes it urgent that the research takes charge of the processes of homophobic violence, beyond the heterosexual - homosexual relationship, given the negative effects it is having on the LGBT community and are being invisibilized.
