Acceso usuarios
Yuma Yoaly Pérez Bautista, Isaías Vicente Lugo-González, Margarita Fernández Vega, Jorge Salas Hernández
El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de identificar y comparar diferentes perfiles de intención de vacunarse contra la COVID-19 y evaluar la importancia de las variables de la Teoría de la Conducta Planeada para cada perfil de intención en una muestra de adultos mexicanos. Participaron 562 adultos de la República Mexicana (Medad = 34.09 años, DE = 14.55) quienes respondieron una batería de evaluación diseminada por redes sociales. Para el análisis de datos se empleó el software libre R. Se probó un modelo de tres perfiles de intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 con base en siete criterios de disponibilidad/acceso y experiencia/manejo de efectos secundarios por medio de un análisis de clúster. Para el análisis de las diferencias entre perfiles se corrió el método robusto de ANOVA heterocedasticidad unidireccional para medias recortadas y pruebas post hoc. Se encontró que, los perfiles definidos como: Sin intenciones, Indecisos y Con intenciones fueron diferentes entre sí con base en los criterios empleados (F = 58.591 – 491.87, p < .001). El perfil Con intenciones obtuvo puntuaciones más altas en actitudes y creencias hacia las vacunas/vacunarse, norma subjetiva y control conductual percibido, datos opuestos en los perfiles Sin intenciones e Indecisos, siendo estas dos últimas las de mayor peso explicativo para la intención de vacunarse (2 = .51-.65).
Estos resultados permiten evaluar la variación en los predictores de la conducta de vacunarse en función del perfil, y desarrollar programas educativos para reforzar las percepciones positivas hacia la vacunación, favorecer que quienes no tienen intenciones de vacunarse o están indecisos lo hagan.
The Theory of Planned Behavior has provided important findings on the relevance of positive beliefs and attitudes towards vaccines and the recommendations of people and reference groups as determining factors to favor the behavior of being vaccinated against COVID-19. However, to determine acceptance, refusal, or hesitation more adequately to be vaccinated, it has been proposed to analyze this behavior based on intention profiles. The present study was carried out with the aim of identifying and comparing different profiles of getting vaccinated against COVID-19 and to evaluate the importance of the variables of the Theory of Planned Behavior for each profile of intention in a sample of Mexican adults. 562 adults from different states of the Mexican Republic participated (Mage = 34.09 years, SD= 14.55, Range = 18-70 years) who responded to an evaluation battery developed on the Google-Forms Online® platform that included a sociodemographic data card, an evaluation of the Intention of getting vaccinated against COVID-19, the scale of beliefs and attitudes about the COVID-19 vaccine and the scale of attitudes about getting vaccinated against COVID-19 (Lugo-González et al., 2021). The battery was disseminated via email and social networks between February 1 and March 30, 2021. Software R version 4.2.0 was used for data analysis. A three-profile model of intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 based on seven criteria of availability/access and experience/handling of side effects was tested using a cluster analysis.
For the analysis of the differences between profiles, the robust method of unidirectional heteroskedasticity ANOVA was run for trimmed means and post hoc tests. It was found that the profiles defined as: Without intentions, Undecided, and With intentions were different from each other (F = 58.591 – 491.87, p < .001), especially between their intention to wait for vaccine availability in the public sector and the perceived ability to manage vaccine side effects (With intentions vs. the others). The With intentions profile obtained higher scores in attitudes and beliefs towards vaccines/getting vaccinated, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control.
A similar profile was that of Undecided. Contrary findings were observed in the profiles Without intentions, mainly in the variables of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control.
The With intentions profile was different from the other profiles in each variable of the Theory of Planned Behavior, explaining important percentages of variance and showing large effect sizes (Attitudes towards vaccines F = 68.74, 2 = .41, ƞ2 = .64; Attitude towards getting vaccinated F = 49.21, 2 = .46, ƞ2 = .68; Beliefs about vaccines F = 37.53, 2 = .30, ƞ2 = .55;
Subjective Norm F = 53.26, 2 = .65, ƞ2 = .81, Perceived Behavioral Control F = 49.20, 2 = .51, ƞ2 = .71). These results allow us to evaluate the variation in the predictors of vaccination behavior according to the profile, placing special emphasis on social determinants (subjective norm) and perceptual/behavioral determinants (perceived behavioral control) to develop educational programs that reinforce positive perceptions towards vaccines and the behavior of getting vaccinated and encourage those who do not intend to get vaccinated or are hesitant to do so.
