Acceso usuarios
Maria Fernanda Tapias Soto, Silvia Nathalia Vanegas Méndez, Angela Pilar Albarracin Rodriguez
Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) son un problema de salud pública, y se ha observado que los estudiantes universitarios son un grupo vulnerable que puede asumir estilos de vida poco saludables, que traen consigo el aumento de ENT desde edades tempranas.
Además, la pandemia de COVID-19 ha generado una serie de cambios a nivel individual, familiar, educativo, laboral y social, lo que conlleva a alteraciones en los estilos de vida, por la restricción de movilidad y cambios en los hábitos y rutinas. Por tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar los estilos de vida en peripandemia por COVID-19, a partir del Cuestionario Fantástico en jóvenes universitarios del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, con un diseño cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo-comparativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 411 universitarios de entre 16 y 26 años, de universidades públicas y privadas. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las dimensiones de familiares y amigos; actividad física y social; alcohol; sueño y estrés; personalidad y satisfacción escolar; imagen interior; control de salud y sexualidad, y orden. En conclusión, los participantes tenían mejor relación con familiares y amigos, mayor actividad física, y se sentían más satisfechos con su personalidad, con su rendimiento escolar, imagen interior y control de salud y sexualidad. Además, percibía mayor orden y menor consumo de alcohol antes de la pandemia por COVID-19. Se sugiere que los diferentes actores del área educativa y social, continúen con la atención y promoción de hábitos y estilos de vida saludables que favorezcan la salud de los estudiantes en el período pospandemia, desde un modelo biopsicosocial.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a public health problem, considering that university students are a vulnerable group can assume unhealthy lifestyles, bringing with them an increase in NCDs from an early age. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a series of changes at the individual, family, educational, work and social levels which lead to alterations in lifestyles, due to restricted mobility and changes in habits and routines. Moreover, this situation has produced changes in lifestyles, understood as a set of daily habits of a person, which remain constant over time, configured as dimensions of risk or security. Thus, the measurement of healthy lifestyles is important for the timely identification of habits that young people maintain and particularly during their time at university, taking into account the high academic loads and the levels of stress they experience. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze lifestyles before and during the pandemic based on the Fantastic Questionnaire with university students in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, with a quantitative, descriptive-comparative design. The sample consisted of 411 university students between 16 and 26 years old from public and private universities, who were selected in a non-probabilistic manner, based on the criteria that they met the following characteristics: Being between 15 and 26 years of age, be an active student in a HEI in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area and have an electronic device with internet access. The participation was carried out online voluntarily and anonymously and the evaluation was carried out through Microsoft Forms, a platform that highlights the protection of the data collected, where a form consisting of two parts was presented. First, the informed consent which contained the objective of the research and participation guarantees (instruments, procedure, risks, benefits, and confidentiality agreement).
Subsequently, the sociodemographic data questions of the questionnaire referring to "before" and "during" the pandemic, and additional questions corresponding to family, economic, academic and Internet access difficulties were presented. For data analysis, the statistical program SPSS version 25.0 was used. An univariate descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic variables and nonparametric analysis was performed to compare the estimates of the Fantastic questionnaire, before and after the pandemic., The results showed statistically significant differences in the dimensions Family and friends, Physical and social activity, Alcohol, Sleep, and stress. Personality and school satisfaction, Inner image, Health and control of sexuality, and Order. In conclusion, the participants had a better relationship with family and friends, greater physical activity, felt more satisfied with their personality, with their school performance, internal image and control of health and sexuality. In addition, greater order, and less alcohol consumption than before the COVID-19 pandemic. It is suggested that the different actors in the educational and social area continue to promote healthy lifestyles, that favor the health of students in the post-pandemic period, from a biopsychosocial model that considers the different dimensions that influence behaviors related to health. Health. In addition, it is imperative that the social determinants of health are addressed, through policies tailored to the needs of university students. Regarding the limitations of the present study, the questionnaire generally addresses healthy lifestyles for the university population. As well, the data collection phase of this research was carried out through an online questionnaire, so the attention and trust of the respondents, as well as internet coverage, would play a fundamental role.
