Acceso usuarios
Claudia Susana Silva Fernández, Daysy Katherine Pabón Poches, Laura Juliana Barchelot Aceros, Yuly A. Ramírez Sierra
La agresividad se relaciona a problemáticas sociales y sanitarias ante sus diversas implicaciones individuales y colectivas, frecuentemente asociadas a hombres y adolescentes. Es un fenómeno complejo cuyas teorías han relacionado genéricamente a factores internos y externos, a pesar de la necesidad de especificidad por poblaciones sensibles. Por ende, esta investigación parte del interés de especificar los factores incidentes de la agresividad en los adolescentes y desagregar su análisis entre hombres y mujeres, mediante el establecimiento de modelos explicativos en una muestra de 309 adolescentes (de entre 12 y 17 años) de Santander, Colombia. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de identificación de factores de riesgo de la agresividad ad hoc, el Cuestionario de Agresividad Premeditada e Impulsiva en Adolescentes, y fueron tratados por un análisis de correspondencia múltiple y de regresión logística ordinal. Al final se determinaron dos modelos explicativos segregados por sexo para agresividad premeditada y agresividad impulsiva, los cuales señalan el rencor, la desconfianza, las relaciones paternales y familiares, el deporte, el fracaso escolar y la edad, como factores explicativos de la agresividad compartidos en hombres y mujeres.
Mientras, el contexto agresivo y el consumo de alcohol fueron incidentes solo en los hombres y la actitud favorable hacia la agresividad, el riesgo y la evitación, solo en mujeres. Esto es sugerente de las variables a intervenir para la prevención de la agresividad y sus complicaciones, que involucran posturas cognitivo-conductuales en las que son factores predominantes el contexto, los esquemas aprendidos y las estrategias de afrontamiento.
Palabras clave: modelo explicativo, factores psicosociales, agresividad premeditada, agresividad impulsiva, adolescencia
Aggressiveness is related to social and health problems given its individual and collective implications. This is considered a tendency to act in violation of the integrity and well-being of other people, and can be classified according to its origin as impulsive or premeditated.
Background has found that aggressiveness is frequent in adolescence, as it is a stage of the life cycle characterized by its constant dynamism and a state of neurocognitive immaturity; it has also been found that it is prevalent in men more than in women. The previous statement indicates that there are populations that are sensitive to the incidence of aggressiveness, but explanatory theories have generically related the internal and external factors that influence aggressiveness without clarifying the differences between populations. Thus, this research sought to establish explanatory models unbundled by sex of aggressiveness in a sample of 309 adolescents (between 12 and 17 years of age) from Santander, Colombia. The data was collected through a non-probabilistic sampling applying the sociodemographic questionnaire, and the identification of risk factors for aggressiveness (Ad hoc), and the Premeditated and Impulsive Aggressiveness Questionnaire in Adolescents. They were processed with the R software in which descriptive statistical analysis, multiple correspondence analysis and ordinal logistic regression were performed, applied independently to the information of men and women. In the end, two explanatory models segregated by sex were determined for premeditated aggressiveness and impulsive aggressiveness, selecting the models with the highest Pseudo-r2 value and the lowest Log-Likelihood and AIC value. Thus, model 1 was chosen to explain premeditated aggressiveness in men and premeditated and impulsive in women; and model 2, to explain impulsive aggressiveness in men. Selected models indicate resentment, mistrust, parental and family relationships, sports, school failure and age as explanatory factors of aggressiveness shared in men and women. Meanwhile, the aggressive context and alcohol consumption were incidents only in men, and the favorable attitude towards aggressiveness, risk and avoidance, only in women. Thus, aggressiveness is a prevailing behavior in adolescents, frequently of an impulsive nature and related not only to their development cycle, since it is evident that various factors are incident in this behavior. The results are suggestive of the variables to intervene for the prevention of aggressiveness and its complications, which involve cognitive-behavioral postures in which the predominant factors are context (family and social), the learned schemes (which influence perception and affection) and coping strategies (behavioral, cognitive and emotional). This leads to confirm that aggressiveness is a complex phenomenon in its study and intervention, given the multiple incident factors, especially those with high social and cognitive involvement. This explanatory proposal can cover/may affect / health, educational and social areas that decide to contribute to the management of aggressiveness, preventing phenomena such as violence and related mental disorders. It is advisable to work from the childhood stage. Therefore, to prevent aggressiveness in adolescents, it is proposed to promote understanding, involved and willing social environments. To conclude, the scientific community is invited to continue strengthening the investigative processes around this phenomenon or similar ones, in which the differences between vulnerable populations, social and health problems are studied, so that from there, intervention actions that allow understanding, reducing and controlling the frequency of the phenomenon of aggressiveness in adolescents.
