Acceso usuarios
Sónia Gomis Canos
, Ascensión Bellver Pérez
El cáncer de mama es el más diagnosticado en la población femenina y la principal causa de muerte entre las mujeres de todo el mundo. Es el cáncer más común entre las mujeres tanto en países desarrollados como en aquellos en vía de desarrollo. La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de la intervención psicológica de la Reducción del Estrés basada en Mindfulness (MBSR) con pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama localizado. La MBSR se trata de un programa estandarizado grupal de ocho semanas y sesiones de dos horas y media de duración, que combina la meditación consciente, el yoga, ejercicios de atención y relajación, así como diálogos y explicaciones sobre los procesos de la mente para reducir el estrés y mejorar la calidad de vida. El procedimiento utilizado para la siguiente revisión bibliográfica fue guiado por las directrices PRISMA. Se realizaron las búsquedas bibliográficas en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science y PsycInfo; entre los años 2008 y 2022. Finalmente, de la búsqueda bibliográfica realizada, se obtuvieron un total de 18 estudios. Los resultados encontrados en la búsqueda mostraron que el programa de intervención grupal de MBSR tenía un efecto significativo en la reducción de la sintomatología ansioso-depresiva y en el estrés, que mejoraron, a su vez, la calidad de vida durante el primer año. Esta intervención basada en mindfulness podría recomendarse como opción de tratamiento complementario y adyuvante en pacientes tratadas por un cáncer de mama no metastásico.
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed in the female population and the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Currently, it is the most common cancer among women in both developed and developing countries. With continued advances in early detection, medical care, and improved diagnosis and treatment, the prevalence of breast cancer and the number of people who survive after treatment for this disease are increasing worldwide. Among the effects described by breast cancer survivors we find: high levels of psychological stress, anxiety, depression, fear of relapse, residual physical symptoms such as pain, fatigue and sleep disturbance and general deterioration of quality of life. This untreated psychological morbidity has a great impact on all aspects of these women's lives, since it reduces their ability to cope with their illness. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychological intervention of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) with patients diagnosed with localized breast cancer. MBSR is a standardized 8-week group program with 2.5-hour sessions. These sessions combine conscious meditation, yoga, attention and relaxation exercises, as well as dialogues and explanations about the processes of the mind to reduce stress and improve the well-being and quality of life of patients. The procedure used for the following literature review was done by the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were performed in the following databases: Pubmed, Web of Science and PsycINFO; between the years 2008 and 2022. On the other hand, studies were also identified from the reference lists of related systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This review was conducted with a mixed set of study designs to increase the eligibility of analysable data. The search strategy was carried out with the combination of the keywords “breast cancer” AND “mindfulness” OR “MBSR” together with the terms “quality of life” OR “depression” OR “anxiety” OR “stress”. In the selection of articles, all the original articles that implemented the MBSR group intervention program were taken into account in order to evaluate its effectiveness on the psychological state and more specifically on the symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress and the quality of life of patients with breast cancer between stages I-II-III. Finally, from the bibliographic search carried out, a total of 18 studies were obtained. The results found in the search showed that the MBSR group intervention program had a significant effect in reducing anxious-depressive symptoms and stress in women with breast cancer, while improving their quality of life during the first year of treatment. All studies reported a significant effect on quality of life and psychological symptoms compared to their control group. 83.33 % reported depressive symptoms in their results, 77.78 % reported anxiety symptoms, 66.67 % reported quality of life, and 50 % reported perceived stress. The studies that reported on stress symptoms 88.89 % obtained significant results. Regarding mood symptoms, 86.67 % showed significant reductions in depressive symptoms and 85.71 % of the studies that evaluate anxiety report significant improvements in their results. The Interdisciplinaria, 2025, 42(1) Mindfulness (MBSR) y cáncer de mama selected studies reported a significant effect on quality of life and psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression and stress compared to their control group. This mindfulness-based intervention could be recommended as a complementary and adjuvant treatment option in patients treated for non-metastatic breast cancer. Research warns of the need for interventions to improve psychological well-being and reduce symptoms of stress in women during diagnosis, treatment and recovery from breast cancer. However, it would be interesting to continue investigating through scientific and rigorous studies the ideal protocol to follow in Mindfulness training for this type of population and to extend the follow-up of the studies to verify that the effects are maintained in the medium and long term.
