Influencia de la inducción del individualismo y el colectivismo en la aceptación y el rechazo de la desigualdad en jóvenes españoles y costarricenses

• Autores: Pablo Chaverri Chaves, Itziar Fernández
• Localización: Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología, ISSN-e 2027-1786, Vol. 17, Nº. 3, 2024, págs. 35-44
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.17304
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Influência da indução do individualismo e do coletivismo na aceitação e rejeição da desigualdade: em jovens universitários espanhóis e costarriquenhos
  • Influence of the induction of individualism and collectivism on the acceptance and rejection of inequality: In Spanish and Costa Rican university young students
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Las actitudes y comportamientos ante la desigualdad económica varían de una sociedad a otra, sin embargo el estudio transcultural de la desigualdad está todavía en sus primeros pasos. Considerando esto, realizamos una investigación experimental en dos sociedades, una de Europa (España, N = 332, M edad = 26.01, DT = 4.47, mujeres = 54,5%) y otra de Latinoamérica (Costa Rica, N = 338, M edad = 22.23, DT = 3.77, mujeres = 46,4%), con el objetivo de comparar la forma en que la inducción de orientaciones individualistas y colectivistas influye en el comportamiento frente a la desigualdad en la distribución de recursos. Encontramos que la inducción del individualismo y el colectivismo no obtuvo efectos en el comportamiento ante la desigualdad en estudiantes universitarios de España, excepto en una de las distribuciones en el juego del ultimátum (7:3). En estudiantes universitarios de Costa Rica encontramos que el priming individualista tuvo efecto en un mayor rechazo a la desigualdad en todas las distribuciones aplicadas. Contrario a lo esperado, en la muestra costarricense se dio un mayor rechazo a la desigualdad en comparación con la española. Estos resultados sugieren que, diferente a lo esperado, la sociedad relativamente más colectivista (Costa Rica) mostró un mayor rechazo a la desigualdad que la sociedad más individualista (España). Además, estos resultados no están influidos por el priming individualista, ya que al comparar los efectos sin considerar la estrategia de priming se obtiene un mayor rechazo a la desigualdad en la muestra de Costa Rica que en la de España.

  • português

    As atitudes e comportamentos em relação à desigualdade econômica variam de sociedade para sociedade, mas o estudo transcultural da desigualdade ainda está engatinhando. Considerando isso, realizamos uma pesquisa experimental em duas sociedades, uma na Europa (Espanha, N = 332, M idade = 26,01, DP = 4,47, mulheres = 54,5%) e outra na América Latina (Costa Rica, N = 338, M idade = 22,23, DP = 3,77, mulheres = 46,4%), com o objetivo de comparar o modo como a indução de orientações individualistas e coletivistas influencia o comportamento frente à desigualdade na distribuição de recursos. Verificamos que a indução do individualismo e do coletivismo não teve efeito sobre o comportamento diante da desigualdade na Espanha, exceto por uma das distribuições no jogo do ultimato (7:3). Na Costa Rica, verificamos que o priming individualista teve um efeito sobre uma maior rejeição da desigualdade em todas as distribuições aplicadas. Contrariamente às expectativas, na amostra costarriquenha houve maior rejeição da desigualdade em relação à espanhola. Esses resultados sugerem que, ao contrário do esperado, a sociedade relativamente mais coletivista (Costa Rica) apresentou maior rejeição à desigualdade do que a sociedade mais individualista (Espanha). Além disso, esses resultados não são influenciados pelo priming individualista, uma vez que a comparação dos efeitos sem considerar a estratégia de priming mostra uma maior rejeição da desigualdade na amostra costarriquenha do que na espanhola

  • English

    Attitudes and behaviors towards economic inequality vary from society to society, but the cross-cultural study of inequality is still in its infancy. Considering this, we conducted an experimental research in two societies, one in Europe (Spain, N = 332, M age = 26.01, SD = 4.47, women = 54.5%) and another in Latin America (Costa Rica, N = 338, M age = 22.23, SD = 3.77, women = 46.4%), with the aim of comparing the way in which the induction of individualistic and collectivist orientations influences behavior in the face of inequality in the distribution of resources. We find that the induction of individualism and collectivism had no effect on behavior in the face of inequality in Spain, except for one of the distributions in the ultimatum game (7:3). In Costa Rica, we found that individualistic priming had an effect on a greater rejection of inequality in all the distributions applied. Contrary to expectations, in the Costa Rican sample there was a greater rejection of inequality compared to the Spanish sample. These results suggest that, contrary to expectations, the relatively more collectivist society (Costa Rica) showed a greater rejection of inequality than the more individualistic society (Spain). In addition, these results are not influenced by individualistic priming, since comparing the effects without considering the priming strategy shows a greater rejection of inequality in the Costa Rican sample than in the Spanish sample

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