Trastorno del déficit de atención e hiperactividad y Trastorno negativista desafiante: Una revisión sistemática de las características diagnósticas y dificultades asociadas

• Autores: Judith Salinas Arias, Ignasi Navarro Soria, Megan Valerie Nicolle Rosales Gómez, Gloria Serrano Marín
• Localización: Revista de Discapacidad, Clínica y Neurociencias: (RDCN), ISSN-e 2341-2526, Vol. 12, Nº. 1, 2025, págs. 25-40
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • El trastorno del déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) se caracteriza por un patrón persistente de falta de atención y/o hiperactividad-impulsividad y tiene un impacto negativo en el contexto académico, personal y social. El trastorno negativista desafiante (TND) se caracteriza por tener una alta comorbilidad con el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH), especialmente en el predominio hiperactivo-impulsivo o combinado. Estos dos trastornos conllevan una serie de alteraciones en el ámbito social, en las funciones ejecutivas e incluso en la morfología cerebral. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar sistemáticamente los estudios publicados que exploran las características diagnósticas de ambos trastornos y las herramientas validadas para su diagnóstico en niños y adolescentes. Utilizando el método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), buscando en el repositorio de Web of Science (WOS) escogiendo, tras un cribado, un total de 17 artículos. La investigación revela una estrecha relación entre ambos trastornos y una mayor probabilidad de presentar comorbilidades adicionales cuando ambos se manifiestan en un mismo individuo. Esto ha generado discrepancias entre los autores sobre las comorbilidades del TDAH; algunos estudios identifican al TND como el trastorno con mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia, mientras que otros destacan diferentes trastornos.

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