Acceso usuarios
Ladini Sunanda Hernández Bello, Fernando de la Hoz Restrepo, Andrés Ríos Paternina
El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar los factores de riesgo y de protección asociados a la ideación e intento de suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes en estudios de Latinoamérica y evaluar la calidad metodológica. Se consultó las bases de datos CUIDEN, LILACS, Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, SCOPUS, EBSCO y Medline, restringiendo los resultados a artículos en los últimos 10 años. Se obtuvieron 3.642 documentos de los cuales se incluyeron 19 estudios. El 52,63% (n=10) de los estudios obtuvo un nivel medio en validez interna y 57,89% (n=11) nivel medio de calidad global. La disfuncionalidad familiar y la historia de suicidio fueron los factores de riesgo familiares más reportados, el antecedente de suicidio el factor biológico, la presencia de trastorno mental y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas el factor psicológico, las violencias físicas y sexuales el factor social. Por su parte, el estudio de los factores protectores fue escaso, el más reportado en la evidencia fue la funcionalidad y el soporte familiar.
Suicidal behavior is constituted as a public health problem, and the litera-ture is recognized extensively for enunciating risk and protection factors associated with the attempt of suicide. The evaluation of the methodolo-gical quality of the primary studies is required by systematic reviews, thus guiding decision-making regarding the design of interventions from the risk approach. The identification of the risk and protective factors associa-ted with suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents and young people in Latin America studies and the evaluation of the methodological quality of the included studies were the objectives of this systematic review. The data-bases CUIDEN, LILACS, Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and Medline were consulted, with the results being restricted to articles in the last 10 years. A total of 3,642 documents were obtained, from which 19 studies were included. Of the studies, 52.63 % (n =10) were found to have a medium internal validity level, and 57.89 % (n =11) were determined to have a medium global quality level. The most frequently reported family risk factors were family dysfunction and suicide background, with other factors including the presence of mental disorder, psychoactive substan-ces consumption, physical violence, sexual violence, and the social factor. On the other hand, the study of protective factors was found to be limited, with family functionality and support being the most frequently reported evidence
